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基于能量均衡高效的LEACH改进算法
2023年电子技术应用第1期
谢佳,张玲华
南京邮电大学 通信与信息工程学院, 江苏 南京 210023
摘要: LEACH路由协议是无线传感器网络一个经典的分簇路由方法,但在限能严重的无线网络中,节点功耗高、生存时间短等问题严重影响网络性能,为此提出了改进的基于能量均衡高效的LEACH-X协议。通过加入最优簇首数,提出修正的剩余能量因子,考虑节点的剩余能量、周期内当选过簇首的次数以及密度因子,并对部署区域分区,针对区域调整距离因子增益参数的权重来修正簇首选举阈值函数;接着进行二次竞争并最终选举簇首,从而减小节点能耗,使WSN存活时间得到一定的延长。仿真结果表明,与传统LEACH协议进行对比,LEACH-X协议降低了网络能耗,延长了网络生存时间。
中圖分類號:TN92;TP393
文獻標志碼:A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223052
中文引用格式: 謝佳,張玲華. 基于能量均衡高效的LEACH改進算法[J]. 電子技術應用,2023,49(1):63-68.
英文引用格式: Xie Jia,Zhang Linghua. Efficient LEACH algorithm based on energy equalization[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(1):63-68.
Efficient LEACH algorithm based on energy equalization
Xie Jia,Zhang Linghua
School of Communication and Information Engineering,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China
Abstract: LEACH routing protocol is a classical clustering routing method in wireless sensor networks. However, in severely limited wireless networks, high power consumption and short lifetime of nodes seriously affect network performance. In this paper, an improved efficient LEACH-X protocol based on energy balance is proposed. By joining the optimal number of cluster head, the surplus energy correction factor is put forward. Considering the residual energy of nodes,the number of cluster head during the period and density factor, and partitioning the deployment area, the cluster head election threshold function is modified by adjusting the weight of the distance factor gain parameters for the region.Then, the second competition is in progress and ultimately the cluster head is selectd, so as to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, the survival time of WSN can be extended to some extent. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional LEACH protocol, the LEACH-X protocol reduces the network energy consumption and prolongs the network lifetime.
Key words : wireless sensor network;LEACH;optimal cluster head;residual energy factor;density factor

0 引言

    無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)是一種隨機部署在某個地域范圍內的自組織網(wǎng)絡[1]。WSN[2]能夠監(jiān)測、感知和收集區(qū)域內環(huán)境或被監(jiān)控對象的信息,廣泛應用于國防軍事、工業(yè)過程控制、環(huán)境監(jiān)測等領域[3],其研究、開發(fā)和應用關系到國家安全、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等許多重要方面[4]。

    WSN具有以數(shù)據(jù)為中心、資源受限、快速部署、網(wǎng)絡拓撲頻繁變化不易維護等特點[5]。其應用環(huán)境特殊,當節(jié)點能量耗盡將無法繼續(xù)工作。因此,為了能夠延長WSN的生命周期,設計出簡單有效的協(xié)議,是WSN的一項關鍵技術。

    LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)[6]是最早被提出來的自適應分簇路由協(xié)議,但在嚴重限能的WSN中,對簇首的選擇較為隨機,且沒有將節(jié)點密度、節(jié)點負荷和節(jié)點剩余能量考慮進簇首選舉過程中,整個網(wǎng)絡性能較低[7],不利于WSN的生存。




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作者信息:

謝佳,張玲華

(南京郵電大學 通信與信息工程學院, 江蘇 南京 210023)




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