基于UWB的无人机自主导航系统设计
2023年电子技术应用第5期
田祥瑞1,罗欣1,贾茚钧1,尹婕1,陈健军2
(1.南京航空航天大学 自动化学院,江苏 南京 210016;2.中国电子科学研究院,北京 100041)
摘要: 针对卫星拒止环境下的无人机导航,提出一种基于超宽带(Ultra Wide-Band,UWB)技术的局部定位系统,实现无人机定位与导航。首先利用UWB技术实现测距,进而解算无人机在局部坐标系下的三维坐标,然后基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)融合多传感器数据以提高无人机的定位精度。基于开源飞控Pixhawk搭建了无人机飞行验证平台,将UWB定位系统数据与飞控传感器数据融合,对无人机在局部坐标系下的自主飞行进行了仿真。最后通过实验验证了基于UWB的多传感器数据融合导航在无人机自主导航控制上的可行性,实现了无人机在地面平台上的自主起降、对地目标伴飞等飞行导航任务。
中圖分類號:TN964.1
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223240
中文引用格式: 田祥瑞,羅欣,賈茚鈞,等. 基于UWB的無人機(jī)自主導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)設(shè)計[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2023,49(5):129-134.
英文引用格式: Tian Xiangrui,Luo Xin,Jia Yinjun,et al. Autonomous navigation system design for UAV based on UWB[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(5):129-134.
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223240
中文引用格式: 田祥瑞,羅欣,賈茚鈞,等. 基于UWB的無人機(jī)自主導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)設(shè)計[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,2023,49(5):129-134.
英文引用格式: Tian Xiangrui,Luo Xin,Jia Yinjun,et al. Autonomous navigation system design for UAV based on UWB[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(5):129-134.
Autonomous navigation system design for UAV based on UWB
Tian Xiangrui1,Luo Xin1,Jia Yinjun1,Yin Jie1,Chen Jianjun2
(1.School of Automation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; 2.China Academy of Electronic Sciences, Beijing 100041, China)
Abstract: A local positioning system based on ultra-wide band (UWB) technology is proposed to realize unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation in the environment of satellite denial. Firstly, the UWB technology is used to realize the ranging, and then the three-dimensional coordinates of the UAV in the local coordinate system are solved. Then the multi-sensor data are fused based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) to improve the positioning accuracy of the UAV. Based on the open source flight control Pixhawk, the UAV flight verification platform is built, and the UWB positioning system data is fused with the flight control sensor data to simulate the autonomous flight of UAV in the local coordinate system. Finally, through experiments, the feasibility of multi-sensor data fusion navigation based on UWB in the autonomous navigation control of UAV is verified, and the flight navigation tasks of UAV such as autonomous take-off and landing on the ground platform and flying with ground targets are realized.
Key words : UAV;ultra-wide band;EKF;navigation and positioning;flight control
0 引言
隨著無人機(jī)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,無人機(jī)可實(shí)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用功能愈發(fā)強(qiáng)勁與廣泛,眾多行業(yè)開始涉足無人機(jī)領(lǐng)域,無人機(jī)的飛行任務(wù)呈現(xiàn)出多樣化、復(fù)雜化的趨勢。作為無人機(jī)執(zhí)行各項(xiàng)任務(wù)的基礎(chǔ),無人機(jī)導(dǎo)航定位系統(tǒng)的精確性與魯棒性是任務(wù)完成質(zhì)量的重要保障。目前無人機(jī)導(dǎo)航多采用基于衛(wèi)星定位的全球定位系統(tǒng),然而在城市高樓遮擋、室內(nèi)環(huán)境、戰(zhàn)時環(huán)境時變性和動態(tài)性的影響下,衛(wèi)星信號并不能實(shí)時滿足導(dǎo)航需求,此時無人機(jī)只能依靠機(jī)載傳感器或協(xié)同設(shè)備進(jìn)行場景感知,并基于得到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行導(dǎo)航定位。
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作者信息:
田祥瑞1,羅欣1,賈茚鈞1,尹婕1,陳健軍2
(1.南京航空航天大學(xué) 自動化學(xué)院,江蘇 南京 210016;2.中國電子科學(xué)研究院,北京 100041)

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