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基于零信任的無人機系統(tǒng)安全防護研究
電子技術(shù)應用
姬勝凱,楊志明,趙建坤,李斌,黃毅龍
中國電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)集團有限公司第六研究所
摘要: 近年來,無人機在軍民領域得到廣泛應用,尤其是俄烏沖突以來,其成本低、功能強的優(yōu)勢尤為凸顯,發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。但無人機的使用環(huán)境復雜、通常不可控,面臨更嚴重的安全威脅,如無人機劫持、網(wǎng)絡攻擊、無線通信干擾、惡意接入和數(shù)據(jù)竊取等安全風險,針對上述風險,目前無人機系統(tǒng)主要采取傳統(tǒng)安全防護手段,如采取無線網(wǎng)絡安全、數(shù)據(jù)加密等防護措施。零信任架構(gòu)作為一種新的安全模式,強調(diào)動態(tài)信任,為無人機系統(tǒng)安全防護提供了新思路。對零信任安全防護架構(gòu)展開研究,結(jié)合無人機系統(tǒng)的典型應用,對無人機測控、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸面臨的安全風險進行分析,針對風險提出基于零信任的無人機系統(tǒng)安全防護架構(gòu),并設計零信任技術(shù)在無人機測控、數(shù)據(jù)通信和典型場景的實現(xiàn)方案,為零信任架構(gòu)在軍民無人機系統(tǒng)中的具體實現(xiàn)提供有力支撐。
關(guān)鍵詞: 零信任 無人機 安全
中圖分類號:TN918.4 文獻標志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.245426
中文引用格式: 姬勝凱,楊志明,趙建坤,等. 基于零信任的無人機系統(tǒng)安全防護研究[J]. 電子技術(shù)應用,2025,51(4):60-65.
英文引用格式: Ji Shengkai,Yang Zhiming,Zhao Jiankun,et al. Research on security protection of unmanned aerial vehicle systems based on zero trust[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2025,51(4):60-65.
Research on security protection of unmanned aerial vehicle systems based on zero trust
Ji Shengkai,Yang Zhiming,Zhao Jiankun,Li Bin,Huang Yilong
The 6th Research Institute of China Electronics Corporation
Abstract: In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in the military and civilian fields, especially since the Russia-Ukraine conflict, their advantages of low cost and strong functions are particularly prominent and have played a huge role. However, the usage environment of drones is complex and often uncontrollable, facing more serious security threats such as drone hijacking, network attacks, wireless communication interference, malicious access, and data theft. In response to these risks, traditional security measures such as wireless network security and data encryption are currently mainly adopted in drone systems. The zero trust architecture, as a new security model, emphasizes dynamic trust and provides new ideas for the security protection of unmanned aerial vehicle systems. This paper researches on zero trust security protection architecture, combined with typical applications of unmanned aerial vehicle systems, analyzes the security risks faced by unmanned aerial vehicle measurement and control, data transmission, and proposes a zero trust based unmanned aerial vehicle system security protection architecture to address these risks. It designs implementation solutions for zero trust technology in unmanned aerial vehicle measurement and control, data communication, and typical scenarios, providing strong support for the specific implementation of zero trust architecture in military and civilian unmanned aerial vehicle systems.
Key words : zero trust;unmanned aerial vehicle;security

引言

近幾年來,無人機技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,在軍民中廣泛使用,尤其是俄烏沖突以來,其成本低、功能強大的優(yōu)勢尤為凸顯,發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。無人機因其部署容易、成本低、機動性和懸停能力強等特點,已廣泛應用于救援、探測、農(nóng)業(yè)、監(jiān)控、無線覆蓋、無人投送、軍事探測和無人作戰(zhàn)等領域。在軍事領域,不斷推出無人蜂群等復雜的無人機作戰(zhàn)系統(tǒng),網(wǎng)絡化的無人機群具有數(shù)量多、范圍廣、速度快、成本低的優(yōu)勢[1],但隨之而來的是安全風險變大。針對無人機系統(tǒng)的安全威脅包括GPS欺騙攻擊、無人機劫持、網(wǎng)絡攻擊、無線通信干擾、惡意接入和數(shù)據(jù)竊取等,且各國都在研究反無人機作戰(zhàn)的技術(shù),針對無人機系統(tǒng)的攻擊事件頻率明顯增加,因此針對無人機系統(tǒng)的安全威脅和防護技術(shù)一直是無人機領域的研究熱點。

有別于傳統(tǒng)地面網(wǎng)絡,無人機網(wǎng)絡存在終端節(jié)點數(shù)量大、管控信道開放、拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)時時變化、機間通信和地面測控雙網(wǎng)互聯(lián)互通等特點,現(xiàn)有的安全技術(shù)可對無人機網(wǎng)絡進行一定的防護,但隨著無人機群網(wǎng)絡的復雜時變,需要一種細粒度、持續(xù)動態(tài)和最小權(quán)限的無人機群系統(tǒng)安全防護架構(gòu)。零信任架構(gòu)作為一種新的安全模式,強調(diào)動態(tài)信任,為無人機系統(tǒng)安全防護提供了新思路。零信任技術(shù)具有以身份為基石、業(yè)務安全訪問、持續(xù)信任評估和動態(tài)訪問控制的關(guān)鍵能力[2],非常契合復雜的無人機系統(tǒng)的安全防護需求。


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作者信息:

姬勝凱,楊志明,趙建坤,李斌,黃毅龍

(中國電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)集團有限公司第六研究所,北京 100083)


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