《電子技術(shù)應用》
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基于零信任的无人机系统安全防护研究
电子技术应用
姬胜凯,杨志明,赵建坤,李斌,黄毅龙
中国电子信息产业集团有限公司第六研究所
摘要: 近年来,无人机在军民领域得到广泛应用,尤其是俄乌冲突以来,其成本低、功能强的优势尤为凸显,发挥了巨大的作用。但无人机的使用环境复杂、通常不可控,面临更严重的安全威胁,如无人机劫持、网络攻击、无线通信干扰、恶意接入和数据窃取等安全风险,针对上述风险,目前无人机系统主要采取传统安全防护手段,如采取无线网络安全、数据加密等防护措施。零信任架构作为一种新的安全模式,强调动态信任,为无人机系统安全防护提供了新思路。对零信任安全防护架构展开研究,结合无人机系统的典型应用,对无人机测控、数据传输面临的安全风险进行分析,针对风险提出基于零信任的无人机系统安全防护架构,并设计零信任技术在无人机测控、数据通信和典型场景的实现方案,为零信任架构在军民无人机系统中的具体实现提供有力支撑。
關(guān)鍵詞: 零信任 无人机 安全
中圖分類號:TN918.4 文獻標志碼:A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.245426
中文引用格式: 姬勝凱,楊志明,趙建坤,等. 基于零信任的無人機系統(tǒng)安全防護研究[J]. 電子技術(shù)應用,2025,51(4):60-65.
英文引用格式: Ji Shengkai,Yang Zhiming,Zhao Jiankun,et al. Research on security protection of unmanned aerial vehicle systems based on zero trust[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2025,51(4):60-65.
Research on security protection of unmanned aerial vehicle systems based on zero trust
Ji Shengkai,Yang Zhiming,Zhao Jiankun,Li Bin,Huang Yilong
The 6th Research Institute of China Electronics Corporation
Abstract: In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in the military and civilian fields, especially since the Russia-Ukraine conflict, their advantages of low cost and strong functions are particularly prominent and have played a huge role. However, the usage environment of drones is complex and often uncontrollable, facing more serious security threats such as drone hijacking, network attacks, wireless communication interference, malicious access, and data theft. In response to these risks, traditional security measures such as wireless network security and data encryption are currently mainly adopted in drone systems. The zero trust architecture, as a new security model, emphasizes dynamic trust and provides new ideas for the security protection of unmanned aerial vehicle systems. This paper researches on zero trust security protection architecture, combined with typical applications of unmanned aerial vehicle systems, analyzes the security risks faced by unmanned aerial vehicle measurement and control, data transmission, and proposes a zero trust based unmanned aerial vehicle system security protection architecture to address these risks. It designs implementation solutions for zero trust technology in unmanned aerial vehicle measurement and control, data communication, and typical scenarios, providing strong support for the specific implementation of zero trust architecture in military and civilian unmanned aerial vehicle systems.
Key words : zero trust;unmanned aerial vehicle;security

引言

近幾年來,無人機技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,在軍民中廣泛使用,尤其是俄烏沖突以來,其成本低、功能強大的優(yōu)勢尤為凸顯,發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。無人機因其部署容易、成本低、機動性和懸停能力強等特點,已廣泛應用于救援、探測、農(nóng)業(yè)、監(jiān)控、無線覆蓋、無人投送、軍事探測和無人作戰(zhàn)等領域。在軍事領域,不斷推出無人蜂群等復雜的無人機作戰(zhàn)系統(tǒng),網(wǎng)絡化的無人機群具有數(shù)量多、范圍廣、速度快、成本低的優(yōu)勢[1],但隨之而來的是安全風險變大。針對無人機系統(tǒng)的安全威脅包括GPS欺騙攻擊、無人機劫持、網(wǎng)絡攻擊、無線通信干擾、惡意接入和數(shù)據(jù)竊取等,且各國都在研究反無人機作戰(zhàn)的技術(shù),針對無人機系統(tǒng)的攻擊事件頻率明顯增加,因此針對無人機系統(tǒng)的安全威脅和防護技術(shù)一直是無人機領域的研究熱點。

有別于傳統(tǒng)地面網(wǎng)絡,無人機網(wǎng)絡存在終端節(jié)點數(shù)量大、管控信道開放、拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)時時變化、機間通信和地面測控雙網(wǎng)互聯(lián)互通等特點,現(xiàn)有的安全技術(shù)可對無人機網(wǎng)絡進行一定的防護,但隨著無人機群網(wǎng)絡的復雜時變,需要一種細粒度、持續(xù)動態(tài)和最小權(quán)限的無人機群系統(tǒng)安全防護架構(gòu)。零信任架構(gòu)作為一種新的安全模式,強調(diào)動態(tài)信任,為無人機系統(tǒng)安全防護提供了新思路。零信任技術(shù)具有以身份為基石、業(yè)務安全訪問、持續(xù)信任評估和動態(tài)訪問控制的關(guān)鍵能力[2],非常契合復雜的無人機系統(tǒng)的安全防護需求。


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作者信息:

姬勝凱,楊志明,趙建坤,李斌,黃毅龍

(中國電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)集團有限公司第六研究所,北京 100083)


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