比利时数据安全审查制度评鉴
网络安全与数据治理
赵丽莉1,劳鑫鑫2
1.山东科技大学数字法治研究院；2.山东科技大学知识产权学院
摘要： 为降低数据安全风险和提高数据流通效率，数据安全审查制度应运而生。基于欧盟数据保护规则基础，比利时确立了相应的数据安全审查制度，特别是优先监管特定行业、实施严格的应急处理机制、要求数据保护官的本地化、加强对关键基础设施数据的保护等内容，但其依然面临数据保护资源和数据审查执行实践不足、部门协同性有限、数据安全风险评估标准和监督缺失、中小企业合规负担增加等实施困境。有鉴于此，我国在推进数据安全审查制度建设方面，应重视完善数据安全审查规则、提升数据安全审查机构的独立性、创新企业监管方式等建议，促进我国数据安全治理和数字经济高质量发展。
中圖分類號(hào)：D912.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.05.007
引用格式：趙麗莉,勞鑫鑫. 比利時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度評(píng)鑒［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2025，44（5）：42-48.
引用格式：趙麗莉,勞鑫鑫. 比利時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度評(píng)鑒［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2025，44（5）：42-48.
Review of the data security review system in Belgium
Zhao Lili1, Lao Xinxin2
1.Digital Rule of Law Research Institute, Shandong University of Science and Technology; 2. Intellectual Property College, Shandong University of Science and Technology
Abstract： In order to reduce the data security risks and improve the efficiency of data circulation, the data security review system came into being. Based on the European Union data protection rules, Belgium has established the corresponding data security review system, especially in terms of prioritizing the supervision of specific industries, implementing strict emergency handling mechanism, requiring the localization of data protection officers, strengthening the protection of key infrastructure data, but it still faces implementation dilemmas that data protection resources and data review implementation practices are insufficient, collaboration is limited, data security risk assessment standards and supervision are lacking, compliance burden of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased. In view of this, in promoting the construction of data security review system in China, we should pay attention to suggestions such as improving the data security review rules, improving the independence of data security review institutions, and innovating enterprise supervision methods, to promote the high-quality development of China′s data security governance and the digital economy.
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引言
在大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代，從數(shù)據(jù)的概念來看，數(shù)據(jù)自身就天然帶有公共屬性，有學(xué)者直言“數(shù)據(jù)作為天然的公共品服從固有的互惠分享的原理”［1］，這里的數(shù)據(jù)并不區(qū)分掌握在何種主體手里。就個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)而言，在大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代也不再只作為一種絕對(duì)的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)或人格權(quán)對(duì)象而出現(xiàn)［2］，而是具有了“公共性”。由此可見，數(shù)據(jù)的公共性和流動(dòng)性決定了數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)的必要性［3］。然而，當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)安全影響著國家安全和個(gè)人信息安全，數(shù)據(jù)安全審查應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
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作者信息：
趙麗莉1,勞鑫鑫2
（1.山東科技大學(xué)數(shù)字法治研究院,山東青島266590；
2.山東科技大學(xué)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)學(xué)院，山東青島266590）
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