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数据抓取不正当竞争认定范式的省思与转进——基于44份裁判文书分析
网络安全与数据治理
陈雅婷,陈曦,曹煜鹏
中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心
摘要: 由于数据抓取不正当竞争行为缺乏专门法规制,裁判失范、标准不一的问题日益凸显。基于对既有44份案例的整理、归纳,数据抓取不正当规制存在法条适用顺位混乱、逻辑框架体系结构失调、分析要素论证标准参差等问题。鉴于此,为规范行为认定范式,须遵循动态多元的利益权衡机制,厘清优先等级的法条适用顺序,明确数据抓取不正当竞争的逻辑框架,形成以行为不正当性和损害后果为主要要素,竞争关系、数据权益和主观过错为次要要素的层次化分析范式,进而对各分析要素进行科学明确的统筹。
中圖分類號:DF523文獻標識碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.05.010
引用格式:陳雅婷,陳曦,曹煜鵬. 數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當競爭認定范式的省思與轉(zhuǎn)進——基于44份裁判文書分析[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(5):64-71.
Reflections and progress on the paradigm for identifying unfair competition in data scraping——based on the analysis of 44 judicial documents
Chen Yating, Chen Xi, Cao Yupeng
Center for Study of Intellectual Property Rights,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
Abstract: Due to the lack of specific legal regulation for unfair competition in data scraping, issues such as judicial irregularity and inconsistent standards have become increasingly prominent. Based on the organization and induction of 44 existing cases, the regulation of unfair competition in data scraping suffers from chaotic prioritization in the application of legal provisions, a disordered logical framework structure, and inconsistent standards for the argumentation of analysis elements. In light of this, to standardize the paradigm for identifying behavior, it is necessary to follow a dynamic and diverse interest balancing mechanism, clarify the priority order of legal provision application, clarify the logical framework for unfair competition in data scraping, and form a hierarchical analysis paradigm with the main elements of behavioral unfairness and damage consequences, and the secondary elements of competitive relationships, data rights, and subjective fault, thereby scientifically and clearly coordinating each analysis element.
Key words : data scraping; unfair competition; identification paradigm

引言

隨著數(shù)據(jù)資源在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)競爭中的戰(zhàn)略地位越發(fā)凸顯,非法數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)高發(fā)態(tài)勢。數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為指利用自動化算法程序,按照指定規(guī)則自動提取并下載所需的網(wǎng)頁數(shù)據(jù),進而形成互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)頁鏡像備份[1]。目前,數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)利的客體地位尚未確定,實踐中多援引《中華人民共和國反不正當競爭法》(以下簡稱《反不正當競爭法》)處理相關(guān)糾紛,但該法存在缺乏專門法條而只能適用一般性法條的涵攝困境。在行為的司法認定上,法院所采用的分析要素呈現(xiàn)非系統(tǒng)性特征,使該類行為的裁判結(jié)果缺乏可預測性?,F(xiàn)有研究多集中在數(shù)據(jù)屬性、競爭關(guān)系、行為不正當性等單個要素的認定上,對數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當競爭行為的認定范式尚未形成體系化研究。本文采用實證分析的研究方法,在中國裁判文書網(wǎng)、威科先行等多個數(shù)據(jù)庫中,以“本院認為:數(shù)據(jù)、抓取(同段)”為關(guān)鍵詞,“不正當競爭”為案由,共檢索到2010至2023年間的數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為不正當競爭糾紛案例共計183個,經(jīng)篩選得到適格案例44個。經(jīng)對上述案例的比較分析,總結(jié)法院在司法實踐中認定數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當競爭行為的含混之處,進而在范式框架內(nèi)系統(tǒng)性探討完善數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為不正當競爭認定路徑的方法,以求對數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當競爭認定范式的轉(zhuǎn)進有所裨益。


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作者信息:

陳雅婷,陳曦,曹煜鵬

(中南財經(jīng)政法大學知識產(chǎn)權(quán)研究中心,湖北武漢430073)


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