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粤港澳大湾区数据要素安全有序跨境流动的困境与出路
网络安全与数据治理 2023年3期
韩晋雷
(广西师范大学法学院,广西桂林541000)
摘要: 数据要素的价值潜力在数字经济时代中愈发明显,逐渐成为世界各国创造经济价值的新动能。数据要素安全有序流动可以提升我国数字经济国际竞争力、增进我国数据消费群体共同福祉、为相关领域科学决策奠定良好基础。粤港澳大湾区作为我国对外开放程度和数字经济发展水平最高的区域之一,具有“一国两制三法域”的特殊性,是数据跨境流动治理的天然试验场。在推进粤港澳大湾区数据要素安全有序跨境流动过程中,面对数据要素权属界定尚不明确、流通渠道有待畅通、安全监管仍需加强等困境时,只有加快构建数据要素产权保护制度、建立健全数据要素流通平台、加强数据要素安全保障,才可以有效实现数据要素的资源优势,提升我国在信息化时代中的国际地位。
中圖分類號(hào):D92
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.03.004
引用格式:韓晉雷.粵港澳大灣區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)要素安全有序跨境流動(dòng)的困境與出路[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(3):20-26,33.
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area difficulties and solutions of secure and orderly cross-border flow of data elements
Han Jinlei
(School of Law, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541000, China)
Abstract: The value potential of data elements is becoming more and more obvious in the era of digital economy, and it has gradually become a new driving force to create economic value in the world. The secure and orderly flow of data elements can enhance the international competitiveness of digital economy, enhance the common wellbeing of data consumers, and lay a good foundation for scientific decisionmaking in related fields. As one of the regions with the highest degree of openingup and the highest level of digital economy development in China, the GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area has the particularity of “one country, two systems and three legal domains” and is a natural testing ground for the governance of crossborder data flow. In the process of promoting the secure and orderly crossborder flow of data elements in the GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area, faced with difficulties such as unclear definition of ownership of data elements, unimpeded circulation channels, and strengthened security supervision, the resource advantages of data elements can be effectively realized and national international status can be enhanced in the information age only by speeding up the construction of property rights protection system of data elements, establishing and improving circulation platforms of data elements, and strengthening security guarantee of data elements.
Key words : GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area; data elements; data validation;national security

0引言

數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成為世界各國推動(dòng)新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革的重要競(jìng)爭場(chǎng)域。習(xí)近平總書記曾強(qiáng)調(diào),數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭迅猛,其輻射范圍和影響程度前所未有,正在逐步成為重組全球生產(chǎn)要素資源、重塑數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代架構(gòu)、改變?nèi)蚋?jìng)爭格局的關(guān)鍵力量。大數(shù)據(jù)作為一項(xiàng)重要的戰(zhàn)略要素,逐漸成為當(dāng)前信息化時(shí)代的重要基石和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的關(guān)鍵引擎,成為促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。根據(jù)國際機(jī)構(gòu)Statista的不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),2020年全球數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生量達(dá)642 ZB,2025年這一數(shù)值預(yù)計(jì)增至181 ZB。近些年,我國為推動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)要素安全有序流動(dòng),不斷推進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)流動(dòng)相關(guān)制度規(guī)范的制定與落實(shí),為數(shù)據(jù)要素在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下的基礎(chǔ)性地位提供了制度保障。2020年10月,《中共中央關(guān)于制定國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十四個(gè)五年規(guī)劃和二〇三五年遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)的建議》明確提出,要建立健全數(shù)據(jù)要素產(chǎn)權(quán)、境內(nèi)交易、跨境流動(dòng)和安全監(jiān)管等制度規(guī)范,持續(xù)推動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)資源的有效利用。2022年1月,《國務(wù)院關(guān)于印發(fā)“十四五”數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃的通知》提出要培育有序的數(shù)據(jù)交易市場(chǎng),規(guī)范數(shù)據(jù)交易管理。同年,《政府工作報(bào)告》也強(qiáng)調(diào),政府應(yīng)大力打造數(shù)據(jù)要素市場(chǎng),激發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)要素潛力,促進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)高效有序流通。

推動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)安全有序流動(dòng)對(duì)于提升我國國際競(jìng)爭力具有重要意義,數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)成為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代不斷發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展和區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)聯(lián)動(dòng)發(fā)展,我國推出了京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長三角一體化發(fā)展、粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設(shè)、長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展、黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展五大發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。而在這“三區(qū)兩流域”的國家級(jí)區(qū)域戰(zhàn)略中,只有粵港澳大灣區(qū)擁有“一國兩制、三個(gè)關(guān)稅區(qū)、三個(gè)法域”,雖然其可以成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的特色優(yōu)勢(shì),但也面臨著數(shù)據(jù)要素跨境流動(dòng)亟需解決的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題?;浉郯拇鬄硡^(qū)基于其獨(dú)特的制度關(guān)系和地理位置,恰可以成為我國數(shù)據(jù)跨境治理的“探路者”,對(duì)于消除數(shù)據(jù)流動(dòng)阻礙因素、實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)要素在全球范圍內(nèi)暢通流動(dòng)具有重要意義。




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作者信息:

韓晉雷

(廣西師范大學(xué)法學(xué)院,廣西桂林541000)

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