自动驾驶极端情况下的算法治理探究
网络安全与数据治理 2023年3期
韦欣荃
(清华大学法学院,北京100084)
摘要: 随着自动驾驶汽车技术的发展,极端情况下的事故算法将传统的电车难题思想实验转变为亟待解决的现实困境。极端情况算法不仅直接关系到所有道路交通使用者的生命安全,还涉及自动驾驶交通事故责任的分配与承担,需要在智能网联汽车正式上路与商业化运营前给出明确的部署方案。基于已有的应用伦理学理论、机器学习编码道德、用户预设道德选择三类风险分配方案的优缺点,本文从生产商可能承担的法律风险出发,提出一种可能的风险分配思路,期望通过设立一定规则排除刑事责任,缓减民事赔偿责任,利用法律、伦理和技术的有机结合构建极端情况算法规制框架。
中圖分類號(hào):D92
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.03.007
引用格式:韋欣荃.自動(dòng)駕駛極端情況下的算法治理探究[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(3):38-45.
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.03.007
引用格式:韋欣荃.自動(dòng)駕駛極端情況下的算法治理探究[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(3):38-45.
Research on algorithm governance in extreme situations of autonomous driving
Wei Xinquan
(School of Law, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
Abstract: With the development of automated and connected vehicles, accidentalgorithms in extreme traffic situations have transformed traditional trolley problem into realworld dilemmas. Because accidentalgorithms are directly related to the safety of all road traffic users, and also involve the allocation of responsibility for traffic accidents, it is important to find a feasible solution before the industry of automated and connected vehicles is officially commercialized. There are several kinds of approaches to deal with this problem, like applying ethics theory, coding ethics with machine learning and presetting users’ moral choice. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of these existing approaches, this paper proposes a possible risk allocation plan, setting certain rules to exclude producers’ criminal liability and alleviate civil liability, hoping to build a regulatory framework in extreme conditions with the combination of law, ethics and technology.
Key words : automated and connected vehicles;accidentalgorithms;risk allocation
0 引言
隨著人工智能技術(shù)的發(fā)展,各國政府、國際組織都高度重視人工智能治理的倫理難題,積極回應(yīng)緊張人機(jī)關(guān)系中的倫理訴求。智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)作為人工智能發(fā)展的重要分支,其倫理問題因涉及網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、人機(jī)交互、隱私保護(hù)等方面而備受關(guān)注。其中,極端情況下的碰撞選擇是最為核心的倫理沖突之一。自動(dòng)駕駛的發(fā)展使得“電車難題”式的碰撞從兩難情況的倫理思考變?yōu)槎嘀剡x擇的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境,關(guān)于生命價(jià)值能否被衡量、如何分配道路交通風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等倫理討論成為自動(dòng)駕駛發(fā)展過程中必須直面的難題。
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作者信息:
韋欣荃
(清華大學(xué)法學(xué)院,北京100084)

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