风洞自由飞多路数据采集与传输系统设计
电子技术应用
赵梓懿，伍春，明宏柯
（西南科技大学，四川 绵阳 621000）
摘要： 传统风洞自由飞实验通过缩比模型来研究气动参数，随着采集器种类与数量的增加，机载设备结构设计与数据传输控制难度日趋增大。针对这一现状，设计一套基于FPGA逻辑控制与时序驱动的多路数据采集与传输系统。系统采用机载端、地面端、上位机端三端结构，分工明确。机载端采用小型化双层结构化设计来采集舵机角度信号、风向标志信号、IMU惯性测量单元信号、航空姿态信号，地面端负责数据的整合与分发，上位机端进行数据监视与系统控制。经过测试，该系统采集精度达±0.07%FS，数据传输时延低于2.42 ms，符合预期目标。
中圖分類號：V211.74+9；TH6
文獻標志碼：A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223347
中文引用格式： 趙梓懿，伍春，明宏柯. 風洞自由飛多路數(shù)據(jù)采集與傳輸系統(tǒng)設(shè)計[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用，2023，49(6)：104-108.
英文引用格式： Zhao Ziyi，Wu Chun，Ming Hongke. Design of aircraft multiplexed data acquisition and transmission system in the wind tunnel[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2023，49(6)：104-108.
文獻標志碼：A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223347
中文引用格式： 趙梓懿，伍春，明宏柯. 風洞自由飛多路數(shù)據(jù)采集與傳輸系統(tǒng)設(shè)計[J]. 電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用，2023，49(6)：104-108.
英文引用格式： Zhao Ziyi，Wu Chun，Ming Hongke. Design of aircraft multiplexed data acquisition and transmission system in the wind tunnel[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2023，49(6)：104-108.
Design of aircraft multiplexed data acquisition and transmission system in the wind tunnel
Zhao Ziyi，Wu Chun，Ming Hongke
(Southwest University of Science and Technology， Mianyang 621000， China)
Abstract： Traditional experiments of free-flight in the wind tunnel use scale models to study aerodynamic parameters, with the increase in the type and number of collectors, the design of airborne equipment structure and control of data transmission are becoming more and more difficult. Aiming at this current status, a multi-channel data acquisition and transmission system based on FPGA logic control and timing drive is designed. The system adopts the three-terminal structure of airborne terminal, ground terminal and upper machine terminal, and the division of labor is clear. The airborne terminal adopts a miniaturized two-layer structured design to acquire the angle signal, wind direction sign signal, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) signal, aviation attitude signal, the ground terminal is responsible for the integration and distribution of data, and the upper computer terminal performs data monitoring and system control. After testing, the acquisition resolution of the system is ±0.07%FS(Full Scale) and a data transmission cycle is less than 2.42 ms, which is in line with the expected target.
Key words : free-flight；data acquisition；miniaturization；FPGA
0 引言
風洞自由飛實驗的本質(zhì)是在風洞環(huán)境下模擬真實飛行器的飛行，利用風洞流場穩(wěn)定、試驗系統(tǒng)安全可靠等特點，獲取高質(zhì)量實驗數(shù)據(jù)。當前，自由飛數(shù)據(jù)采集常采用商業(yè)級產(chǎn)品，例如：曾星等人采用MXl601B-R數(shù)據(jù)采集設(shè)備結(jié)合以太網(wǎng)通信應(yīng)用于風洞試驗測控環(huán)境中；倪育德等人基于X ?Plane飛行軟件與Python開發(fā)設(shè)計一套自由飛數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)，著重對飛行偏移數(shù)據(jù)進行采集。商業(yè)級采集器雖較為成熟，但較難從體積布局、信號傳輸控制諸多方面實現(xiàn)多種類自由飛信號的采集與傳輸。
本文研究設(shè)計一套適合監(jiān)測與控制自由飛運動的多路數(shù)據(jù)采集與實時傳輸系統(tǒng)。電路結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與芯片選型滿足小型化需求?？刂破鲗崟r性和同步性要求較高，因而選擇FPGA作為主控制器。舵機角度與風向標志數(shù)據(jù)采集選用18位逐次逼近型A/D芯片LTC2358ILX。各端間以太網(wǎng)通信采用嵌入式W5500芯片，通過高速標準4線SPI接口與各端進行通信。
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作者信息：
趙梓懿，伍春，明宏柯
（西南科技大學，四川 綿陽 621000）
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