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生成式人工智能视阈下算法审计的制度构建与路径创新
网络安全与数据治理 8期
王兆毓   
(清华大学法学院,北京100084)
摘要: 随着文心一言、通义千问、ChatGLM等我国生成式人工智能算法研发与应用的落地,加快构建并完善面向生成式人工智能的算法治理已成为完善算法监管体系的题中之义。在算法治理体系之中,算法审计制度有利于算法异化与算法风险的纠偏问责,促进算法公平与数字正义的实质透明,并实现算法公开与商业秘密的张力弥合,从而成为算法规制的关键制度配置。在全流程治理视角下,唯有“用算法审计算法”,实现书面合规审计与技术合规审计的协同并举,才能在算法内外部对算法的透明度、公平性、可控性、包容性和可问责进行多维视角的有效评估。而在算法审计实践之中,现行法仍需完善刚柔并济的差序规制格局,巩固分类分级的精准治理,以实现算法审计内外兼修的制度衔接,促进算法治理从碎片化监管迈向更为一体化、敏捷化、精准化的治理格局。
中圖分類號:D92
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.08.002
引用格式:王兆毓.生成式人工智能視閾下算法審計(jì)的制度構(gòu)建與路徑創(chuàng)新[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(8):6-12.
System construction and legal innovation of algorithm audit for AI generated content
Wang Zhaoyu
(School of Law, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: With the development and application of generative AI algorithms in China, accelerating the construction and develpoment of algorithm governance for generative AI has become the key to improve the algorithm regulatory system. Algorithm audit is conducive to the correction and accountability of algorithm risk, the promotion of the transparency of algorithm fairness and digital justice, and the alleviation of the tension between algorithm disclosure and trade secrets. Therefore, it functions as an important institutional means of algorithm governance. To audit algorithm with algorithm, algorithm audit should be a modular and precise assessment from the perspective of algorithm wholeworkflow governance. As an effective evaluation of algorithm transparency, fairness, controllability, inclusiveness and accountability, algorithm audit is the combination of written audit and technical audit. Current laws established a rigid and flexible differential order regulation pattern in the governance of generative AI which requires further perfection. Precise governance of algorithms calls for the consolidation of AI classification and grading. Served as an institutional articulation, algorithm audit helps promote algorithm governance from fragmented regulation to an integrated, agile and precise governance pattern.
Key words : algorithm audit; algorithm governance; transparency; protection of personal information

0    引言

隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,算法已然在潛移默化地“編碼”我們的生活。AI繪畫工具M(jìn)idJourney、Stable Diffusion、DALLE2和生成式對話模型ChatGPT等人工智能生成內(nèi)容(AI Generated Content,AIGC)一鳴驚人,作為支撐的生成式人工智能算法呈現(xiàn)出涌現(xiàn)性、拓展性、復(fù)合性等優(yōu)勢并成為人工智能的全新熱點(diǎn)。生成式人工智能算法已然能夠在職位推薦、創(chuàng)意繪圖、智慧醫(yī)療等諸多應(yīng)用場景下提供高效的解決方案。與此同時(shí),提示語注入攻擊、“毒害”內(nèi)容、深度合成圖像侵權(quán)等外部性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)層出不窮,使得面向生成式人工智能的治理與監(jiān)管呼之欲出。而作為算法監(jiān)管的重要工具,算法審計(jì)制度已經(jīng)在相關(guān)法律制度中得以明確并在算法治理體系中處于舉足輕重的地位。2022年12月,《中共中央 國務(wù)院關(guān)于構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)制度更好發(fā)揮數(shù)據(jù)要素作用的意見》(以下簡稱“數(shù)據(jù)二十條”)對外發(fā)布,進(jìn)一步明確了建立數(shù)據(jù)要素生產(chǎn)流通使用全過程的算法審查制度。2023年4月,國家互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息辦公室發(fā)布關(guān)于《生成式人工智能服務(wù)管理辦法(征求意見稿)》(以下簡稱“生成式管理辦法”)并公開征求意見,成為首部直接面向生成式人工智能的規(guī)范性文件。在此之余,如何針對生成式人工智能建立合法有效的算法審計(jì)制度,亟待理論與實(shí)踐做出更有力的回應(yīng)。




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作者信息:

王兆毓

(清華大學(xué)法學(xué)院,北京100084)

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